Staffing level Estimation: NORDEN WORK Project manager has to figure out Staff Estimation after the effort required to develop a software has been determined. Norden investigated the staffing pattern of R & D project. Norden Estimation: He studied the Staffing patterns of R & D projects and proposed that Staffing level patterns can be approximated by the 'Rayleigh Distribution Curve' which specifies that the relationship between applied effort and delivery time for software project. It is also called Putnam- NORDEN-Rayleigh Curve or PNR curve.